ALIRAN PERDAGANGAN LADA INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL
Abstract
Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara produsen dan eksportir lada terbesar di dunia. Namun pertumbuhan volume ekspor lada Indonesia memiliki pertumbuhan lebih rendah dari pertumbuhan produksinya. Rendahnya ekspor lada Indonesia disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi perdagangan lada Indonesia di pasar internasional. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perdagangan lada Indonesia di pasar internasional dan menjelaskan potensi perdagangan lada Indonesia di negara tujuan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis data panel dengan gravity model dan analisis potensi perdagangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aliran perdagangan ekspor lada Indonesia secara signifikan sangat dipengaruhi oleh nilai GDP riil per kapita Indonesia, GDP riil per kapita negara tujuan ekspor, jarak ekonomi Indonesia dengan negara tujuan ekspor, nilai tukar rupiah terhadap negara tujuan ekspor, dan nilai RCA Indonesia. Namun demikian tarif impor negara tujuan ekspor tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan. Indonesia memiliki potensi untuk terus meningkatkan perdagangan lada terhadap negara China, Malaysia, Taiwan, Belanda, Perancis, dan Jerman. Hal ini disebabkan perdagangan lada Indonesia dengan mitra dagang masih mengalami under trade. Sementara China merupakan negara yang memiliki potensi perdagangan paling tinggi.
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