Mother’s Knowledge, Attitude and Practices and its Influence toward Nutritional Status of Children in Terengganu
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Published
31 January 2024
Keywords:
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children, nutritional status, stunting
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the nutritional status, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) regarding stunting among mothers and its relationship with stunting among children below two years old in Terengganu. A total of 330 mother-child pairs from Terengganu were recruited through purposive sampling. Anthropometric measurement comprised weight and height. Information on socio–demographic, and a validated questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practice of stunting were selfreported. Chi-square test was applied in this study with p<0.05 considered significant outcome. The majority (61.2%) of the mothers aged 30−39 years old, with tertiary educational level (51.5%) and in the low income group (86.4%). The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight was 25.2%, 9.4% and 14.2% respectively for the children below two years old in Terengganu. KAP analysis revealed that 44.5% of mothers had moderate level of knowledge, while 68.8% and 92.7% had good level of attitude and practice, respectively. A significant association (p<0.05) was found between knowledge of mothers with stunting among the children, while no significant association between attitudes and practice with stunting. The present study found that mothers’ knowledge significantly impacted their child’s growth status in relation to stunting. Future intervention programmes should incorporate nutrition education focusing on mothers’ knowledge to prevent stunting among children.
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[UNICEF / WHO / World Bank Group] United Nations Children's Fund/ World Health Organiztion/ World Bank Group. 2020. Joint child malnutrition estimates key findings.https://data.unicef.org/resources/jmereport-2020/ [Accessed 10th August 2022].
West J, Syafiq A, Crookston B, Bennett C, Hasan MR, Dearden K, Linehan M, Hall C, Torres S. 2018. Stunting-related knowledge: Exploring sources of and factors associated with accessing stunting related knowledge among mothers in rural Indonesia Health 10(09):1250–1260. https://doi.org/10.4236health.2018.109096
Wolde M, Berhan Y, Chala A. 2015. Determinants of underweight, stunting and wasting among schoolchildren. BMC Pub Health 15:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-014-1337-2
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2015 Stunting in a nutshell. https://www.who.int/news/item/19-11-2015-stunting-in-anutshell [Accessed 3rd October2022].
[WHO] World Health Organization 2021. Infant and young child feeding. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-chil-feeding [Accessed 3rd October2022].
Yeganeh S, Motamed N, NajafpourBoushehri S, Ravanipour M. 2018. Assessment of the knowledge and attitude of infants’ mothers from Bushehr (Iran) on food security using anthropometric indicators in 2016: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pub Health 18(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5531-5
prevalence of childhood under nutrition in Malaysia: Findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS 2016). Health Sci J 13(1):1−9. https://doi.org/10.21767/1791- 809x.1000627
Berisha M, Ramadani N, Hoxha R, Gashi S, Zhjeqi V, Zajmi D, Begolli I. 2017 Knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers in Kosova about complementary feeding for infant and children 6−24 months. Arch Med 71(1):37. https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2017.71.37-41
Chew CC, Ibrahim HA, Balan VK, Abd-Aziz NA, Puah HM, HSS AS. 2022.Growth management and prevalence of underweight of indigenous children (Orang Asli) in Peninsular Malaysia: A clinical audit. BMC Pediatr 22(1):481. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03532-7
Dukhi N. 2020. Global prevalence of malnutrition: Evidence from literature. Malnutrition 1:1–16. https://doi.org/10.5772/
intechopen.92006 De Onis, M, Dewey KG, Borghi E, Onyango AW, Blössner M, Daelmans B, Piwoz E, Branca F. 2013. The World Health Organization’s global target for reducing childhood stunting by 2025: Rationale and proposed actions. Matern Child Nutr 9:6–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12075
Fadare O, Amare M, Mavrotas G, Akerele D, Ogunniyi A. 2019. Correction: Mother’s nutrition-related knowledge and child nutrition outcomes: Empirical evidence from Nigeria. Plos One 14(4):e0215110. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215110
Gebre A Reddy, PS, Mulugeta A, Sedik Y, Kahssay M. 2019. Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among underfive children in pastoral communities of Afar Regional State, Northeast Ethiopia: A community-based crosssectional study. J Nutr Metab 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9187609
Global Nutrition Report. 2019. Country Nutrition Profiles. Global Nutrition Report. https://globalnutritionreport.org resources/nutritionprofiles/asia/southeasternasia/malaysia [Accessed 25th September 2022].
Hamlun N, Khattak MMAK. 2021. Assessment of knowledge of mothers on Stunting: A survey in Perak Tengah. In In: 36th Scientific Conference 7−8 September 2021 (page 7−8). Malaysia. http://irep.iium.edu.my/93051/
[IPH] Institute for Public Health. 2016. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) (2016). https://www. researchgate.net/publication/320628242_ Institute_for_Public_Health_IPH_2016_National_Health_and_Morbidity_Survey_2016_NHMS_2016_Maternal_and_Child_Health_Vol_I_Methodology_and_General_Findings_2016_120pp [Accessed 25th September 2022].
[IPH] Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, & Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2019. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: NCDs-Non-Communicable diseases: Risk factors and other health problems. In Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia (Vol.1). http://www.iku.gov.my/nhms-2019 [Accessed 25th September 2022].
Ikhsan LN, Mohamad Nasaruddin NAM, Othman F, Abd Aziz KH, Ismail H. 2018. Nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice among antenatal and postnatal mothers in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA), Kuantan, Pahang. Int Med J Malays 17 (Special Issue 1):167−173. https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v17i1.1028
Jagtap RP, Todkar RR, Gawit KG, Ghongane BB. 2017. Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practices of resident doctors, interns and nurses on adverse drug reaction monitoring and reporting in a tertiary care hospital. J Med Sci Clin Res 05(03):19052–19059. https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i3.120
Kassie GW, Workie DL. 2020. Determinants of under-nutrition among children under five years of age in Ethiopia. BMC Pub Health 20(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.17004/v4
Lee WS, Tee CW, Tan AGS, Wong SY, Chew KS, Cheang HK, Lim T, Lum L CS, Aw MM. 2019. Parental concern of feeding difficulty predicts poor growth status in their child.Pediatr Neonatol 60(6):676–683. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.04.004
Lee WS, Jalaludin MY, Khoh KM, Kok JL, Nadarajaw T, Soosai A P, Mukhtar F, Fadzil YJ, Anuar Zaini A, Mohd-Taib SH et al. 2022. Prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors in young children in Malaysia: A nationwide survey. Front Pediatr 18(10):913850. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.913850
Mondal M. 2021. “complementary feeding practices among under and unserved slums dwelling mothers of Kolkata.” Prevention of Violence against Children: Challenges and Opportunities. https://doi.org/10.30954/ndp/povac.20
Nasution SS, Oktavinola F, Hariati. 2019. Mother’s knowledge and attitude abouts tunting of children in namorambe distric. ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4(1):61–65. https://doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v4i1.2386
Pranita RN, Briawan D, Ekayanti I, Triwinarto A. 2023. Minimum acceptable diet and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia. Journal Gizi dan Pangan. 18(1):1−10. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2023.18.1.1-10
Raymond Leprince J, Sariman S. Basir Mohammed RB. 2020. Parental child feeding practices and growth status of Orang Asli children in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Br Food J 122(10):3239–3248. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2020-0053
Thurstans S, Opondo C, Seal A, Wells JC, Khara T, Dolan C, Briend A, Myatt M, Garenne M, Mertens A, Sear R, Kerac M. 2022. Understanding sex differences in childhood undernutrition: A narrative review. Nutrients 14(5):948. https://doi. org/10.3390/nu14050948
[UNICEF] United Nations Children's Fund. 2015. Progress for children beyond average - learning from the MDGS. https:// archive.crin.org/en/library/publications/unicef-progress-children-beyondaverages-learning-mdgs.html [Accessed10th August 2022].
[UNICEF] United Nations Children's Fund. 2017. Malnutrition in children – UNICEF data. https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/malnutrition/ [Accessed 10th August 2022].
[UNICEF / WHO / World Bank Group] United Nations Children's Fund/ World Health Organiztion/ World Bank Group. 2020. Joint child malnutrition estimates key findings.https://data.unicef.org/resources/jmereport-2020/ [Accessed 10th August 2022].
West J, Syafiq A, Crookston B, Bennett C, Hasan MR, Dearden K, Linehan M, Hall C, Torres S. 2018. Stunting-related knowledge: Exploring sources of and factors associated with accessing stunting related knowledge among mothers in rural Indonesia Health 10(09):1250–1260. https://doi.org/10.4236health.2018.109096
Wolde M, Berhan Y, Chala A. 2015. Determinants of underweight, stunting and wasting among schoolchildren. BMC Pub Health 15:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-014-1337-2
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2015 Stunting in a nutshell. https://www.who.int/news/item/19-11-2015-stunting-in-anutshell [Accessed 3rd October2022].
[WHO] World Health Organization 2021. Infant and young child feeding. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-chil-feeding [Accessed 3rd October2022].
Yeganeh S, Motamed N, NajafpourBoushehri S, Ravanipour M. 2018. Assessment of the knowledge and attitude of infants’ mothers from Bushehr (Iran) on food security using anthropometric indicators in 2016: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pub Health 18(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5531-5
Authors
JuhariN. H. S., & SuanW. B. (2024). Mother’s Knowledge, Attitude and Practices and its Influence toward Nutritional Status of Children in Terengganu. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 19(Supp.1), 137-144. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2024.19.Supp.1.137-144
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