Development and Validation of a Website on Early Childhood Nutrition
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Published
31 January 2024
Keywords:
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early life nutrition, eHealth, nutrition education, validation study, website development
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and determine the content and face validation of eHealth website that can function as a one-stop information center for parents, caregivers, teachers, and healthcare professionals on early childhood nutrition. This study was divided into two phases. Phase 1 involved website development and was executed in three steps: Step 1: Need Assessment, Step 2: Design Arrangement, and Step 3: Website Construction. Phase 2 involved website validation, which included content validation by six professionals in nutrition/dietetics and early childhood education fields and face validation by six professionals and 50 target users, including parents, caregivers, nursery or preschool teachers, and students. The content validation obtained a score of 1.00. The face validation by professionals exceeds the minimum value of 80% except for the Quality of Information. In comparison, face validation by the users exceeds 80% except for Subjective Quality. Krippendorff’s Alpha for each validation was below 0.66. In conclusion, the content validation of the website indicated high agreement, while the face validation indicated sufficient by the professionals and target users. The website will be a good start for intervening in long-term nutrition-related issues such as non-communicable diseases and obesity, as eating habits and food choices from young affect future health outcomes.
References
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Plantin L, Daneback K. 2009. Parenthood, information and support on the internet. A literature review of research on parents and professionals online. BMC Fam Pract 10(1):1‒12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-10-34
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Rahmad SISS, Teng NIMF. 2020. Development and validation of website on nutrition for premature baby. Mal J Med Health Sci 16(4):218‒225
Reynolds R, Sutherland R, Nathan N, Janssen L, Lecathelinais C, Reilly K, Walton A, Wolfenden L. 2019. Feasibility and principal acceptability of school-based mobile communication applications to disseminate healthy lunchbox messages to parents. Health Promot J Austr 30(1):109‒13. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.57
Sirasa F, Mitchell LJ, Rigby R, Harris N. 2019. Family and community factors shaping the eating behaviour of preschool-aged children in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review of interventions. Prev Med 129: 105827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105827
Soon JM, Tee ES. 2014. Changing trends in dietary pattern and implications to food and nutrition security in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Int J Food Sci Nutr 3(4):259‒269. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.15
Stoyanov SR, Hides L, Kavanagh DJ, Wilson H. 2016. Development and validation of the user version of the mobile application rating scale (uMARS). JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 4(2): e5849. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.5849
Uesugi KH, Dattilo AM, Black MM, Saavedra JM. 2016. Design of a digital-based, multicomponent nutrition guidance system for prevention of early childhood obesity. J Obes 2016:5067421. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5067421
[UNICEF]. United Nations Children's Fund. 2019a. The Formative Years. UNICEF’s Work on Measuring Early Childhood Development. New York (USA): UNICEF.
[UNICEF]. United Nations Children's Fund. 2019b. Children, Food and Nutrition: Growing Well in a Changing World. New York (USA): UNICEF.
[UNICEF, WHO, World Bank Group]. United Nations Children's Fund, World Health Organization, World Bank Group. 2021. Levels and trends in child malnutrition. 2021 Edition. Geneva (Switzerland): WHO.
[UNSCN] United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition. 2018. Non-communicable diseases, diets and nutrition. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs355/en/ [Accessed 24th September 2021].
Yusoff MSB. 2019a. ABC of content validation and content validity index calculation. Educ Med J 11(2):49‒54. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6
Yusoff MSB. 2019b. ABC of response process validation and face validity index calculation. Educ Med J 11(10.21315):55‒61. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.3.6
Zamanzadeh V, Ghahramanian A, Rassouli M, Abbaszadeh A, Alavi-Majd H, Nikanfar A. 2015. Design and implementation content validity study: Development of an instrument for measuring patient-centered communication. J Caring Sci 4(2):165‒178. doi:10.15171/jcs.2015.017
Zapf A, Castell S, Morawietz L, Karch A. 2016. Measuring inter-rater reliability for nominal data – which coefficients and confidence intervals are appropriate? BMC Med Res Methodol 16(93): 49‒54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-016-0200-9
Bäckström C, Carlén K, Larsson V, Mårtensson LB, Thorstensson S, Berglund M, Larsson T, Bouwmeester B, Wilhsson M, Larsson M. 2022. Expecting parents’ use of digital sources in preparation for parenthood in a digitalized society–a systematic review. Digit Health 8:20552076221090335. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221090335
Beaton D, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. 2007. Recommendations for the cross-cultural adaptation of the DASH & QuickDASH outcome measures. Institute for Work & Health 1(1):1‒45.
Brown J. 2017. Toddler and Preschooler Nutrition. Sixth Edition. Boston (USA): Cengage Learning.
Burrows T, Hutchesson M, Li KC, Rollo M, Skinner G, Collins C. 2015. Nutrition interventions for prevention and management of childhood obesity: What do parents want from an eHealth program? Nutrients 7(12):10469–10479. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7125546
Silveira de Castro M, Pilger D, Danni Fuchs F, Cardoso Ferreira MB. 2007. Development and validation of a method for the evaluation of printed education material. Pharm Pract 5(2):89‒94. https://doi.org/10.4321%2Fs1886-36552007000200007
Cepni AB, Taylor A, Thompson D, Moran NE, Olvera N, O’Connor DP, Johnston CA, Ledoux TA. 2021. Exploring qualities of ethnically diverse parents related to the healthy home environment of toddlers. Appetite 167(2021):105608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105608
Chaudhary A, Sudzina F, Mikkelsen BE. 2020. Promoting healthy eating among young people - a review of the evidence of the impact of school-based interventions. Nutrients 12(9):2894. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092894
Davies MA, Terhorst L, Nakonechny AJ, Skukla N, Saadawi GE. 2014. The development and effectiveness of a health information website designed to improve parents’ self-efficacy in managing risk for obesity in preschoolers. J Spec Pediatr Nurs 19(4):316‒330. https://doi.org/10.1111/jspn.12086
Gwet KL. 2014. Handbook of Inter-rater Reliability. Fourth Edition. Gaithersburg (USA): Advanced Analytics.
Hammersley ML, Okely AD, Batterham MJ, Jones RA. 2019. An internet-based childhood obesity prevention program (Time2bHealthy) for parents of preschool-aged children: Randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 21(2): e11964. https://doi.org/10.2196/11964
Hardesty DM, Bearden WO. 2004. The use of expert judges in scale development: implications for improving face validity of measures of unobservable constructs. J Bus Res 57(2):98‒107. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00295-8
Hayes AF, Krippendorff K. 2007. Answering the call for a standard reliability measure for coding data. Commun Methods Meas 1(1):77‒89. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312450709336664
Jefrydin N, Sedik FSM, Kamaruzaman NA, Nor NM, Shapi’I A, Talib RA. 2020. Use of Instagram® to educate adolescents on nutrition labelling: A feasibility study in Selangor, Malaysia. J Gizi Pangan 15(3):149‒158. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2020.15.3.149-158
Lau XC, Wong YL, Wong JE, Koh D, Sedek R, Jamil AT, Ng ALO, Hazizi AS, Ruzita AT, Poh BK. 2019. Development and validation of a physical activity educational module for overweight and obese adolescents: CERGAS programme. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16(9):1506. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091506
Mannar MGV, Micha R, Allemendi L, Afshin A, Baker P, Battersby J, Bhutta Z, Corvalan C, Cesare M, Chen K et al. 2020. 2020 Global Nutrition Report: Action on Equity to end Malnutrition. Bristol (UK): Development Initiatives.
Mutoro AN, Garcia AL, Wright CM. 2019. What can meal observations tell us about eating behavior in malnourished children? Int J Environ Res Public Health 16(12):2197. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122197
National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Parenting matters: Supporting Parents of Children Ages 0‒8. Washington DC (USA): The National Academies Press.
Nevo B. 1985. Face validity revisited. J Educ Meas 22(4):287‒293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1985.tb01065.x
Paun S, Artstein R, Poesio M. 2022. Statistical Methods for Annotation Analysis. California (USA): Morgan & Claypool Publishers.
Plantin L, Daneback K. 2009. Parenthood, information and support on the internet. A literature review of research on parents and professionals online. BMC Fam Pract 10(1):1‒12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-10-34
Polit DF, Beck CT. 2006. The content validity index: Are you sure you know what’s being reported? Critique and recommendations. Res Nurs Health 29(5):489‒497. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20147
Rageliené T, Grønhøj A. 2021. The role of peers, siblings and social media for children’s healthy eating socialization: A mixed methods study. Food Qual Prefer 93:104255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104255
Rahmad SISS, Teng NIMF. 2020. Development and validation of website on nutrition for premature baby. Mal J Med Health Sci 16(4):218‒225
Reynolds R, Sutherland R, Nathan N, Janssen L, Lecathelinais C, Reilly K, Walton A, Wolfenden L. 2019. Feasibility and principal acceptability of school-based mobile communication applications to disseminate healthy lunchbox messages to parents. Health Promot J Austr 30(1):109‒13. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.57
Sirasa F, Mitchell LJ, Rigby R, Harris N. 2019. Family and community factors shaping the eating behaviour of preschool-aged children in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review of interventions. Prev Med 129: 105827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105827
Soon JM, Tee ES. 2014. Changing trends in dietary pattern and implications to food and nutrition security in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Int J Food Sci Nutr 3(4):259‒269. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.15
Stoyanov SR, Hides L, Kavanagh DJ, Wilson H. 2016. Development and validation of the user version of the mobile application rating scale (uMARS). JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 4(2): e5849. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.5849
Uesugi KH, Dattilo AM, Black MM, Saavedra JM. 2016. Design of a digital-based, multicomponent nutrition guidance system for prevention of early childhood obesity. J Obes 2016:5067421. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5067421
[UNICEF]. United Nations Children's Fund. 2019a. The Formative Years. UNICEF’s Work on Measuring Early Childhood Development. New York (USA): UNICEF.
[UNICEF]. United Nations Children's Fund. 2019b. Children, Food and Nutrition: Growing Well in a Changing World. New York (USA): UNICEF.
[UNICEF, WHO, World Bank Group]. United Nations Children's Fund, World Health Organization, World Bank Group. 2021. Levels and trends in child malnutrition. 2021 Edition. Geneva (Switzerland): WHO.
[UNSCN] United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition. 2018. Non-communicable diseases, diets and nutrition. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs355/en/ [Accessed 24th September 2021].
Yusoff MSB. 2019a. ABC of content validation and content validity index calculation. Educ Med J 11(2):49‒54. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6
Yusoff MSB. 2019b. ABC of response process validation and face validity index calculation. Educ Med J 11(10.21315):55‒61. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.3.6
Zamanzadeh V, Ghahramanian A, Rassouli M, Abbaszadeh A, Alavi-Majd H, Nikanfar A. 2015. Design and implementation content validity study: Development of an instrument for measuring patient-centered communication. J Caring Sci 4(2):165‒178. doi:10.15171/jcs.2015.017
Zapf A, Castell S, Morawietz L, Karch A. 2016. Measuring inter-rater reliability for nominal data – which coefficients and confidence intervals are appropriate? BMC Med Res Methodol 16(93): 49‒54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-016-0200-9
Authors
EsamF. N., & MuniandyN. D. (2024). Development and Validation of a Website on Early Childhood Nutrition. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 19(Supp.1), 127-136. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2024.19.Supp.1.127-136
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