The Effect of Caffeine Consumption on Sleep Quality among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia
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Published
31 January 2024
Keywords:
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caffeine, Malaysia, sleep quality, students
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of caffeine consumption on sleep quality among university students. This was a cross-sectional study that used a quantitative approach method. The data for this study was collected using a structured online questionnaire and distributed via online platforms to identify eligible participants. All the participants self-administered all three sections of the questionnaire, which were sociodemographic variables, the caffeine questionnaire tool, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A chi-squared test was used to investigate the association between caffeine intake and sleep quality and the measured study characteristics. About 300 students, with a mean age of 21.95±1.43 years old, were recruited. The average caffeine intake of the study population was 193.54 mg per day. The respondents had good sleep quality was 44.7% while 55.3% had poor sleep. The study also found that there was a significant association between caffeine intake and sleep quality (p-value<0.01). Meanwhile, there was no significant association between sociodemographic characteristics and caffeine intake or sleep quality. This study shows that a student's excessive intake of caffeine is correlated with poor sleep quality. Therefore, prevention strategies should be used to raise awareness of the issue and understand how consuming too much caffeine might result in poor sleep quality.
References
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Ribeiro JA, Sebastiao AM. 2010. Caffeine and adenosine. J Alzheimer's Dis 20(s1):S3–S15. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-2010-1379
Reichert CF, Deboer T, Landolt HP. 2022. Adenosine, caffeine, and sleep–wake regulation: State of the science and perspectives. J Sleep Res 31(4):e13597. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13597
Sanchez SE, Martinez C, Oriol RA, Yanez D, Castañeda BC, Sanchez E, Gelaye B, Williams MA. 2013. Sleep quality, sleep patterns and consumption of energy drinks and other caffeinated beverages among Peruvian college students. Health 5(8B):26–35. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.58a2005
Snel J, Lorist MM. 2011. Effects of caffeine on sleep and cognition. Prog Brain Res 190:105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53817-8.00006-2
Vélez JC, Souza A, Traslaviña S, Barbosa C, Wosu A, Andrade A, Frye M, Fitzpatrick AL, Gelaye B, Williams MA. 2013. The epidemiology of sleep quality and consumption of stimulant beverages among Patagonian Chilean college students. Sleep Disord 2013:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/910104
Yi, Yi NJ, Ming CZ, Sivam H, Yu Kiat BC, Khobragade S, Kyaw Soe HH, Moe S, Htay MNN. 2022. Association between caffeinated beverages consumption and sleep quality of undergraduate medical students: a cross-sectional study. AJMPCP 5(4):119‒127.
Watson EJ, Coates AM, Kohler M, Banks S. 2016. Caffeine consumption and sleep quality in Australian adults. Nutr 8(8):479. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8080479
Zhang L, Zheng H, Yang M, Zhang Y, Cai G, Li C, Zhao L. 2022. Prediction of sleep quality among university students after analyzing lifestyles, sports habits, and mental health. Front Psychiatry 13:927619. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.927619
AlSharif SM, Al-Qathmi MS, Baabdullah WM, Alhrkan TA, Fayoumi YA, Alhejaili F, Wali SO. 2018. The effect of caffeinated beverages on sleep quality in college students. Saudi J Intern Med 8(1):43–48. https://doi.org/10.32790/sjim.2018.8.1.6
Altun I, Cinar N, Dede C. 2012. The contributing factors to poor sleep experiences according to the university students: A cross-sectional study. J Res Med Sci 17(6):557‒561.
Bertasi RA, Humeda Y, Bertasi TG, Zins Z, Kimsey J, Pujalte GG. 2021. Caffeine intake and mental health in college students. Cureus 13(4). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.14313
Bühler E, Lachenmeier DW, Schlegel K, Winkler G. 2013. Development of a
tool to assess the caffeine intake among teenagers and young adults.
Ernährungs Umschau 61(4):58–63
[CDC] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sleep for good health. https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/features/getting-enough-sleep.html [Accessed 19th September 2022]
Choi J. 2020. Motivations influencing caffeine consumption behaviors among college students in Korea: Associations with sleep quality. Nutr 12(4):953. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12040953
Drake CL, Roehrs T, Shambroom JR, Roth T. 2013. Caffeine effects on sleep taken 0, 3, or 6 hours before going to bed. J Clin Sleep Med 9(11):1195–1200. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.3170
Emmy Hainida KI, Md Jasnin SN, Mohd Syrinaz A, Nadiatul Syima MS. 2023. Dietary habit, physical activity and perceived barriers during movement control order among undergraduate students in Puncak Alam, Selangor. Food Res 7(1):264‒270. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.7(1).660
Isa ZM, Anuar AA, Azmi AD, Selvan ST, Hisham NS, Qing YZ. 2021. Does caffeine intake influence the mental health of medical students? Malays J Public Health Med 21(2):22‒28. https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.21/no.2/art.626
Jahrami H, Al-Mutarid M, Penson PE, Faris M, Saif Z, Hammad L. 2020. Intake of caffeine and its association with physical and mental health status among university students in Bahrain. Foods 9(4):473. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9040473
Kharaba Z, Sammani N, Ashour S, Ghemrawi R, Meslamani AZA, Al-Azayzih A, Buabeid M, Alfoteih Y. 2022. Caffeine consumption among various university students in the UAE, exploring the frequencies, different sources and reporting adverse effects and withdrawal symptoms. J Nutr Metab 2022:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5762299
Lemma S, Gelaye B, Berhane Y, Worku S, Williams MA. 2012. Sleep quality and its psychological correlates among university students in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 12:237. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-237
Lieberman HR, Agarwal S, Fulgoni III VL. 2019. Daily patterns of caffeine intake and the association of intake with multiple sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in US adults based on the NHANES 2007–2012 surveys. J Acad Nutr Diet 119(1):106–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2018.08.152
Lohsoonthorn V, Khidir H, Casillas G, Lertmaharit S, Tadesse MG, Pensuksan WC, Rattananupong T, Gelaye B, Williams MA. 2013. Sleep quality and sleep patterns in relation to consumption of energy drinks, caffeinated beverages, and other stimulants among Thai college students. Sleep and Breathing 17(3):1017–1028. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-012-0792-1
Mahoney CR, Giles GE, Marriott BP, Judelson DA, Glickman EL, Geiselman PJ, Lieberman HR. 2019. Intake of caffeine from all sources and reasons for use by college students. Clin Nutr 38(2):668–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.04.004
Nehlig A. 2015. Effects of coffee/caffeine on brain health and disease: What should I tell my patients? Pract Neurol 16(2):89–95. https://doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2015-001162
Ngu ST, Masalamany K, Abd Manan N, Adam SK. 2017. Sleep quality among pre-clinical medical students in Universiti Putra Malaysia and Universiti Malaya, Malaysia. Educ Med J 9(3):23–31. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2017.9.3.3
O’Callaghan FV, Muurlink O, Reid N. 2018. Effects of caffeine on sleep quality and daytime functioning. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 11:263–271. https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s156404
Peng Z, Dai C, Ba Y, Zhang L, Shao Y, Tian J. 2020. Effect of sleep deprivation on the working Memory-Related N2-P3 components of the Event-Related Potential waveform. Front Neurosci 14:469. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00469
Ribeiro JA, Sebastiao AM. 2010. Caffeine and adenosine. J Alzheimer's Dis 20(s1):S3–S15. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-2010-1379
Reichert CF, Deboer T, Landolt HP. 2022. Adenosine, caffeine, and sleep–wake regulation: State of the science and perspectives. J Sleep Res 31(4):e13597. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13597
Sanchez SE, Martinez C, Oriol RA, Yanez D, Castañeda BC, Sanchez E, Gelaye B, Williams MA. 2013. Sleep quality, sleep patterns and consumption of energy drinks and other caffeinated beverages among Peruvian college students. Health 5(8B):26–35. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.58a2005
Snel J, Lorist MM. 2011. Effects of caffeine on sleep and cognition. Prog Brain Res 190:105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53817-8.00006-2
Vélez JC, Souza A, Traslaviña S, Barbosa C, Wosu A, Andrade A, Frye M, Fitzpatrick AL, Gelaye B, Williams MA. 2013. The epidemiology of sleep quality and consumption of stimulant beverages among Patagonian Chilean college students. Sleep Disord 2013:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/910104
Yi, Yi NJ, Ming CZ, Sivam H, Yu Kiat BC, Khobragade S, Kyaw Soe HH, Moe S, Htay MNN. 2022. Association between caffeinated beverages consumption and sleep quality of undergraduate medical students: a cross-sectional study. AJMPCP 5(4):119‒127.
Watson EJ, Coates AM, Kohler M, Banks S. 2016. Caffeine consumption and sleep quality in Australian adults. Nutr 8(8):479. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8080479
Zhang L, Zheng H, Yang M, Zhang Y, Cai G, Li C, Zhao L. 2022. Prediction of sleep quality among university students after analyzing lifestyles, sports habits, and mental health. Front Psychiatry 13:927619. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.927619
Authors
Khairul IkramE. H., RosliN. A., HussinA. M., & ChasniA. N. (2024). The Effect of Caffeine Consumption on Sleep Quality among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 19(Supp.1), 79-86. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2024.19.Supp.1.79-86
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