Nutritional Evaluation of Sago of Gebang Tree (Corypha utan Lamk) from Different Locations in West Timor - Indonesia for Broilers
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of sago from different locations in West Timor, Indonesia for broilers. Experiment I aimed at determining the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nutrient digestibility of sago from different locations. A total of 120 broilers (unsexed, age 21 d) were randomly distributed to 24 metabolic cages (5 birds/cage). The experimental design was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments and 4 replications. The experimental diets were a basal diet (maize-soy) and 5 treatment diets which were a mixture of basal ration (75%) and sago (25%) from different locations. Experiment II was about performance trials. Two different basal diets were formulated, supplemented with synbiotics and fed to 200 birds (unsexed, 10 birds/pen). The experimental design was a 2 x 2 factorial CRD. With the exception of phytate and phenol contents, the results showed that the location affected (p<0.05 to 0.01) the contents of dry matter, crude protein, and crude fiber, tannins, NDF, ADF, flavonoids, AME/n, and starch digestibility of sago. The location did not affect (p>0.05) ash, crude fat, starch, Ca, P, and gross energy contents of sago. Basal diets affected (p<0.05 to 0.001) all performance traits. Except for BWG, synbiotics did not affect (p>0.05) the performance of the birds. In conclusion, the nutrient composition and digestibility of sago are affected by locations. Sago is rich in starch and high in AME values, but poor sources of calcium, phosphor, and protein. Sago contains fiber, tannin, phytate, flavonoids, and phenol. Sago diets improved the performance of broilers. Synbiotics did not improve the performance of birds.
References
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Mtei, A. W., M. R. Abdollahi, N. Schreurs, C. K. Girish, and V. Ravindran. 2019. Dietary inclusion of fibrous ingredients and bird type influence apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients and energy utilization. Poult. Sci. 98:6702-6712. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez383
Naiola, B. P. & N. Nurhidayaf. 2009. Biology of gewang (Corypha utan Lamarck) seeds: embryo content diversity, chemical content and the roles of microbes in seed germination. Berita Biologi. 9:773-781.
Nalle, C. L., V. Ravindran, & G. Ravindran. 2010. Nutritional value of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) for broilers: Apparent metabolisable energy, ileal amino acid digestibility and production performance. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 156:104-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.01.010
Nalle, C. L., V. Ravindran, & G. Ravindran. 2011. Nutritional value of narrow-leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) for Broilers. British Poult. Sci. 52:775-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2011.639343
Nalle, C. L., V. Ravindran, & G. Ravindran. 2012. Nutritional value of white Lupins (Lupinus albus) for broilers: Apparent metabolisable energy, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility and production performance. Animal: an International Journal of Animal Bioscience 6:579-85. http://doi.org/ 10.1017/S1751731111001686
Nalle, C. L., M. R. K. Yowi, & D. R. Tulle. 2017. Nutritional value of putak: apparent metabolisable energy and growth performance. Int. J. Agr. Sys. 5:53-59. https://doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v5i1.1170
Nalle, C. L., A. H. Angi, M. A. J. Supit, & S. Ambarwati. 2019a. Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin A contamination in maize grains and sago (putak meal) from different sources for poultry in West Timor, Indonesia. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 18:353-360. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2019.353.360
Nalle, C. L. & M. R. K. Yowi. 2019b. Nutritional value of fermented rice bran for broiler chickens: apparent metabolisable energy and growth performance. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 18:618-625. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2019.618.625
Olukosi, O. A., R. L. Walker, & J. G. M. Houdijk. 2019. Evaluation of the nutritive value of legume alternatives to soybean meal for broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 98:5778-5788. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez374
Ouyang K., M. Xu, Y. Jiang, & W. Wang. 2016. Effects of alfalfa flavonoids on broiler performance, meat quality, and gene expression. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 96:331-340. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2015-0132
Pei-yao, L., W. Jing Wang, W. Shu-geng, G. Jun, D. Yan, Z. Hai-jun, & Q. Guang-Hai. 2020. Standardized ileal digestible amino acid and metabolizable energy content of wheat from different origins and the effect of exogenous xylanase on their determination in broilers. Poultry Sci. 99:992-1000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.013
Prasetyo, K.W., Subyanto, & B. P. Naiola. 2008. Physical and mechanical properties of gewang (Corypha utan Lamk) stem from East Nusa Tenggara. J. Trop. Wood. Sci. Tech. 6:1-6.
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Authors
NalleC. L., HeldaH., MasusB., & MaloJ. (2021). Nutritional Evaluation of Sago of Gebang Tree (Corypha utan Lamk) from Different Locations in West Timor - Indonesia for Broilers. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 44(1), 48-61. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2021.44.1.48
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