Influence of Selected Dietary Plant Extracts on Productive, Physiological, and Viral Immunological Response of Broilers

S. J. Zamil, K. I. A. Al-Shammari, E. M. Mohammed

Abstract

This experiment was implemented to evaluate the influence of 3 plant extracts involving garlic (GC), cinnamon (CN), and black cumin (BC) powders in broiler chicken diet from 1-42 d on productive, physiological, and immunological traits. In total, 240 birds were assigned into 4 groups, each with 3 replicates. In the control group (CO), the chickens were fed with a balanced diet. Experimental groups were composed by supplementing the diet with 4 mg/kg of diet for each GC, CN, and BC. At 3 and 6 weeks, GC, CN, and BC groups achieved higher body weights, weight gains (p≤0.01), and low feed conversion ratio. GC group recorded low feed intake (p≤0.05) compared to the CO and the other groups from 1 day–6 weeks. GC, CN, and BC groups registered high (p≤0.01) PCV value and lower cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations in serum compared to the CO group. Reduction and increase (p≤0.01) in serum glucose and protein for GC and CN, and CN and BC, respectively, were recorded. High levels of triiodothyronine (T3) (p≤0.05) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in GC and CN groups and all treated groups had high concentrations of thyroxine (T4) (p≤0.01) compared to the CO group. Moreover, a clear augmentation in serum antibody titer against Newcastle and Gumboro diseases in GC, CN, and BC compared with the CO group was observed. It was concluded that GC, CN, and BC extracts at the present level may be used to enhance the productive, physiological, and viral immunological characteristics of birds.

References

Abbas, T. E. & M. E. Ahmed. 2010. The use of black cumin in poultry diets. World Poultry Sci. J. 66: 519-524. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933910000589

Abo El-Maaty, M. A. Hayam, M. H. Rabie, & A. Y. El-Khateeb. 2014. Response of heat-stressed broiler chicks to dietary supplementation with some commercial herbs. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 9: 743-755. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2014.743.755

Adibmoradi M., B. Navidshad, J. Seifdavati, & M. Royan. 2006. Effect of dietary garlic meal on histological structure of small intestine in broiler chickens. J. Poult. Sci. 43: 378-383. https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.43.378

Al-Saleh, I. A., G. Billedo, & I. E. Inam. 2006. Level of selenium, DL-α-tocopherol, DL-γ- tocopherol, all trans retinol, thymoquinone and thymol in different brands of Nigella sativa seeds. J. Food. Compos. Anal. 19: 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2005.04.011

Al-Shammari, K. I. A., J. Batkowska, & M. M. Gryzińska. 2017. Effect of various concentrations of an anise seed powder (Pimpinella anisum L.) supplement on selected hematological and biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. Braz. J. Poult. Sci. 19: 041-046. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0331

Arif, T., B. Sharma, A. Gahlaut, V. Kumar, & R. Dabur. 2014. Anti- diabetic agents from medicinal plants: A review. Chem. Biol. Lett. 1: 1-13.

Arif, M., Z. Hayat, M. E. Abd El-Hack, M. Saeed, H. M. Imran, A. N. Alowaimer, I. M. Saadeldin, A. E. Taha, & A. A. Swelum. 2019. Impacts of supplementing broiler diets with a powder mixture of black cumin, Moringa and chicory seeds. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 49: 564-572. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v49i3.17

Berrama, Z., S. Temim, S. Souames, & H. Ainbaziz. 2017. Growth performance, carcass and viscera yields, blood constituents and thyroid hormone concentrations of chronic heat stressed broilers fed diets supplemented with cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum L.). Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak.. 23: 735-742.

Braverman, L. E, R. D. Utigen, Eds, Werner, & Lngbars. 1996. The Thyroid - A Fundamental and Clinical Text. 7th ED. Philadelphia, Lippinscott- Raven.

Brzóska, F., B. Śliwiński, O. Michalik-Rutkowska, & J. Śliwa. 2015. The effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) on growth performance, mortality rate, meat and blood parameters in broiler. Ann. Anim. Sci. 15: 961-975. https://doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2015-0052

Burtis, C. A, E. R. Ashwood, D. E. Bruns, & WB saunders Co. 2005. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. 4th ed. Elsevier, St. Louis.

Chowdhury, S. R., S. D. Chowdhury, & T. K. Smith. 2002. Effects of dietary garlic on cholesterol metabolism in laying hens. Poult. Sci. 81:1856-1862. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.12.1856

Faghani, M., Y. Rahimian, A. Rafiee, & A. R. Namjoo. 2014. Effect of garlic and cinnamon in comparison to virginiamycin on performance and some haematological parameters in broiler chicks. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci. 4: 504-507.

Friedman, R. B. & D. S. Young. 2001. Effect of Disease on Clinical Laboratory Tests. 4th ed. AACC press, Washington, DC.

Ghasemi, H. A., N. Kasani, & K. Taherpour. 2014. Effects of black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.), aprobiotic, a prebiotic and asynbiotic on growth performance, immune response and blood characteristics of malebroilers. Livest. Sci. 164: 128-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2014.03.014

Ghosheh, O. A., A. A. Houdi, & P. A. Crooks. 1999. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the pharmacologically active quinines and related compounds in the oil of the black seed (Nigella sativa). J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. 19: 757-762. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(98)00300-8

Haen, P. J. 1995. Principles of Hematology. Published by Brown (William C.) Co, U.S. pp. 400-421.

Hossain, M. A., Md. R. Akanda, M. Mostofa, & Md. Abdul Awal. 2014. Therapeutic competence of dried garlic powder (Allium sativum) on biochemical parameters in lead (Pb) exposed broiler chickens. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res. 1: 189-195. https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2014.a34

Khan, R.U., Z. Nikousefat, V. Tufarelli, & S. Naz. 2012a. Garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation in poultry diets: effect on production and physiology. World Poult. Sci. J. 68:417-424. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933912000530

Khan, S. H., J. Ansari, A. U. Haq, & G. Abbas. 2012b. Black cumin seeds as phytogenic product in broiler diets and its effects on performance, blood constituents, immunity and caecal microbial population. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 11(e77): 438- 444. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2012.e77

Kumar, P. & A.K. Patra. 2017. Beneficial uses of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds as a feed additive in poultry nutrition. World Poult. Sci. J. 73: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933917000848

Lee, K. W., H. Everts, & A. C. Beynen. 2004. Essential oils in broiler nutrition. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 3: 738-752. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2004.738.752

Mansoub, N. H. 2011. Comparative effects of using garlic as probiotic on performance and serum composition of broiler chickens. Ann. Biol. Res. 2: 486-490.

Naderi, M., M. R. Akbari, E. Asadi-Khoshoei, K. Khaksar, & F. Khajali. 2014. Effects of dietary inclusion of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) powders on performance, organs relative weight and some immune system parameters in broiler chickens. P.S.J. 2: 153-163.

NRC (National Research Council). 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

Puvača, N., L. J. Kostadinović, D. Ljubojević, D. Lukač, S. Popović, B. Dokmanovć, & V. S. Stanaćev. 2014. Effects of dietary garlic addition on productive performance and blood lipid profile of broiler chickens. Biotechnol. Anim. Husb. 30: 669-676. https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1404669P

Puvača, N., L. Kostadinović, D.Ljubojević, D.Lukač, J.A Lević, S.Popović, N. Novakov, B.Vidović , & O. Đuragić. 2015. Effect of garlic, black pepper and hot red pepper on productive performances and blood lipid profile of broiler chickens. Eur. Poultry Sci. 79. https://doi.org/10.1399/eps.2015.73

Purwanti, S., Zuprizal, T. Yuwanta, & Supadmo. 2014. Duodenum histomorphology and performance as influenced by dietary supplementation of turmeric (Curcuma longa), garlic (Allium sativum) and its combinations as a feed additive in broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 13: 36-41. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2014.36.41

Qin, B., M. Nagasaki, M. Ren, G. Bajotto, Y. Oshida, & Y. Sato. 2003. Cinnamon extract potentiates in vivo insulin-regulated glucose utilization via enhancing insulin signaling in rats. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pr. 62: 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8227(03)00173-6

Rahmatnejad, E. & H. Roshanfekr. 2009. Evaluation the effect of several non-antibiotic additives on growth performance of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 8: 1757-1760.

Ramadan, M. F. 2007. Nutritional value, functional properties and nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.): an overview. Int. J. Food Sci. Tech. 42: 1208-1218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01417.x

Sang-Oh, P., R. Chae-Min, P. Byung-Sung, & H. Jong. 2013. The meat quality and growth performance in broiler chickens fed diet with cinnamon powder. J.E.B. 34: 127-33.

SAS. 2001. Statistical Analysis System. User’s Guide Statistics, ver. 8.2. SAS Institute, NC, USA

Singh, P. K. & A. Kumar. 2018. Effect of dietary black cumin (Nigella sativa) on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, blood biochemical profile and carcass traits in broiler chickens. Anim. Nutr. Feed Technol. 18: 409-419. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-181X.2018.00038.0

Stanaćev, V., D. Glamočić, N. Milošević, N. Puvača, V. Stanaćev, & N. Plavša. 2011. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in fattening chicks Nutrition. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 6: 943-948.

Sturkie, P. D. 2015. Sturkie’s Avian Physiology. 6th ed. Edited by: Colin G. Scanes. Academic Press, Elsevier.

Tajodini, M., H. R. Saeedi, & P. Moghbeli. 2015. Use of black pepper, cinnamon and turmeric as feed additives in the poultry industry. World Poultry Sci. J. 71: 175-183. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933915000148

Toghyani, M., M. Toghyani , A. Gheisari, G. Ghalamkari, & S. Eghbalsaied. 2011. Evaluation of cinnamon and garlic as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on performance, immune responses, serum biochemical and haematological parameters in broiler chicks. Livest Sci. 138: 167-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.12.018

Varmaghany, S., M. A. K. Torshizi, S. Rahimi, H. Lotfollahian, & M. Hassanzadeh. 2015. The effects of increasing levels of dietary garlic bulb on growth performance, systolic blood pressure, hematology, and ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 94: 1812-1820. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev148

Vidanarachchi, J. K., L.L. Mikkelsen, I. Sims, P.A. Iji, & M. Choct. 2005. Phytobiotics: alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in monogastric animal feeds. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia 15: 131-144.

Wenk, C. 2003. Herbs and botanicals as feed additive in monogastric animals. Asian Australas. J. Anim Sci. 16: 282-289. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.282

Young, D. S. 2000. Effect of Drugs on Clinical Laboratory Tests. 5th ed. AACC press, Washington, DC.

Authors

S. J. Zamil
K. I. A. Al-Shammari
Kar_msc2010@yahoo.com (Primary Contact)
E. M. Mohammed
Author Biographies

S. J. Zamil, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University

MSc, Poultry production, Department of Animal Production Techniques, Al-Musaib Technical

College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babylon, Iraq

E. M. Mohammed, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University

Msc, poultry physiology,

Department of Animal Production Techniques, Al-Musaib Technical

College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babylon, Iraq

ZamilS. J., Al-ShammariK. I. A., & MohammedE. M. (2020). Influence of Selected Dietary Plant Extracts on Productive, Physiological, and Viral Immunological Response of Broilers. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 43(3), 205-210. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2020.43.3.205

Article Details