MICROPLASTICS ANALYSIS IN THE GILL AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF CORAL REEF FISHES FROM THREE SMALL OUTER ISLANDS OF PAPUA, INDONESIA: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
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Accepted
4 September 2020
Published
31 August 2020
Keywords:
-
microplastics, organs, Papua, small island
Abstract
Microplastics have been found widely in marine environments, including the remote areas far from human activities, and can be ingested by fish. This study aimed to investigate microplastics from 12 coral reef fishes of three small outer islands of Papua (Liki, Befondi, and Miossu) and to analyze the difference of microplastic concentrations in gill and gastrointestinal tract. Fish samples were obtained using a hand line and dissected to separate the gills and gastrointestinal tracts. The destruction method using H2O2 30 % was conducted to separate organic matter, and the microscope was used to identify microplastic types. Fibers were found in all fish species in the range of 1.60-28.30 particle/g dry weight. Microplastics in fishes from Liki Island were higher compared to the ones from Befondi and Miossu Islands. The results of this study observed that there is no relationship between fish size and microplastic concentration since the size of fishes from Liki Island were smaller than the ones from the two islands. Most fishes were observed to contain fiber in both the gill and gastrointestinal tract, with the dominant size of microplastic was > 1000 µm. This study found that microplastics in the gills were higher than in the gastrointestinal tracts, and it is related to the difference in the organ functionality and the process of microplastic entering the organs from the surrounding water.
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Mohamed Nor, N.H. & J.P. Obbard. 2014. Microplastics in Singapore’s coastal mangrove ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 79: 278–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.11.025
Murphy, F., M. Russell, C. Ewins, & B. Quinn. 2017. The uptake of macroplastic & microplastic by demersal & pelagic fish in the Northeast Atlantic around Scotland. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 122: 353–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.073
Neves, D., P. Sobral, J.L. Ferreira, & T. Pereira. 2015. Ingestion of microplastics by commercial fish off the Portuguese coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 101: 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.008
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Zhao, J., W. Ran, J. Teng, Y. Liu, H. Liu, X. Yin, R. Cao, & Q. Wang. 2018. Microplastic pollution in sediments from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, China. Science of Total Environment, 640–641: 637–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.346
Zhu, L., H. Bai, B. Chen, X. Sun, K. Qu, & B. Xia. 2018. Microplastic pollution in North Yellow Sea, China: Observations on occurrence, distribution and identification. Science of Total Environment, 636: 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.182
Zobkov, M. & E. Esiukova. 2017. Microplastics in Baltic bottom sediments: Quantification procedures and first results. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 114: 724–732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.06
Allen, G.R., R. Steene, P. Humann, & N. Deloach. 2003. Reef fish identification: Tropical Pacific. New World Publication. Jacksonville, Florida. 483 p.
Andrady, A.L. 2011. Microplastics in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62: 1596–1605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.030
Baalkhuyur, F.M., E.J.A. Bin Dohaish, M.E.A. Elhalwagy, N.M. Alikunhi, A.M. Al Suwailem, A. Røstad, D.J. Coker, M.L. Berumen, & C.M. Duarte. 2018. Microplastic in the gastrointestinal tract of fishes along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 131: 407–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.040
Bessa, F., P. Barria, J.M. Neto, J.P.G.L. Frias, V. Otero, P. Sobral, & J.C. Marques. 2018. Occurence of microplastics in commercial fish from a natural estuarine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 128: 575–584. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.044
Cincinelli, A., C. Scopetani, D. Chelazzi, E. Lombardini, T. Martellini, A. Katsoyiannis, M.C. Fossi, & S. Corsolini. 2017. Microplastic in the surface waters of the Ross Sea (Antarctica): Occurrence, distribution and characterization by FTIR. Chemosphere, 175: 391–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.024
Connors, E.J. 2017. Distribution and biological implications of plastic pollution on the fringing reef of Mo’orea, French Polynesia. PeerJ 5, e3733. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3733
Cordova, M.R., T.A. Hadi, & B. Prayudha. 2018. Occurrence and abundance of microplastics in coral reef sediment: a case study in Sekotong, Lombok-Indonesia. AES Bioflux, 10: 23–29. http://www.aes.bioflux.com.ro/docs/2018.23-29.pdf
Cordova, M.R. & A.J. Wahyudi. 2016. Microplastic in the deep-sea sediment of Southwestern Sumatran Waters. Marine Research in Indonesia, 41: 27-35. https://doi.org/10.14203/mri.v41i1.99
Dai, Z., H. Zhang, Q. Zhou, Y. Tian, T. Chen, C. Tu, C. Fu, & Y. Luo. 2018. Occurrence of microplastics in the water column and sediment in an inland sea affected by intensive anthropogenic activities. Environmental Pollution, 242: 1557–1565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.131
Frère, L., I. Paul-Pont, E. Rinnert, S. Petton, J. Jaffré, I. Bihannic, P. Soudant, C. Lambert, & A. Huvet. 2017. Influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the composition, concentration and spatial distribution of microplastics: A case study of the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France). Environmental Pollution, 225: 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.023
Giani, D., M. Baini, M. Galli, S. Casini, & M.C. Fossi. 2019. Microplastics occurrence in edible fish species (Mullus barbatus and Merluccius merluccius) collected in three different geographical sub-areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 140: 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.005
Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP). 2016. Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: part two of a global assessment (Kershaw, P. J., and C.M Rochman, eds). (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP/UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection). Report Studies, GESAMP No. 93, 220 p.
Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP). 2015. Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: a global assessment (Kershaw, P. J., ed.). (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP/UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection). Report Studies, GESAMP No. 90, 96 p.
Hidalgo-Ruz, V., L. Gutow, R.C. Thompson, & M. Thiel. 2012. Microplastics in the Marine Environment: A Review of the Methods Used for Identification and Quantification. Environmental Science and Technology, 46: 3060–3075. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2031505
Imhof, H.K., R. Sigl, E. Brauer, S. Feyl, P. Giesemann, S. Klink, K. Leupolz, M.G.J. Löder, L.A. Löschel, J. Missun, S. Muszynski, A.F.R.M. Ramsperger, I. Schrank, S. Speck, S. Steibl, B. Trotter, I. Winter, & C. Laforsch. 2017. Spatial and temporal variation of macro-, meso- and microplastic abundance on a remote coral island of the Maldives, Indian Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 116: 340–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.010
Isobe, A., K. Uchiyama-Matsumoto, K. Uchida, & T. Tokai. 2017. Microplastics in the Southern Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 114: 623–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.037
Iwasaki, S., A. Isobe, S. Kako, K. Uchida, & T. Tokai. 2017. Fate of microplastics and mesoplastics carried by surface currents and wind waves: A numerical model approach in the Sea of Japan. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 121: 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.057
Jabeen, K., L. Su, J. Li, D. Yang, C. Tong, J. Mu, & H. Shi. 2017. Microplastics and mesoplastics in fish from coastal and fresh waters of China. Environmental Pollution, 221: 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.055
Mohamed Nor, N.H. & J.P. Obbard. 2014. Microplastics in Singapore’s coastal mangrove ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 79: 278–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.11.025
Murphy, F., M. Russell, C. Ewins, & B. Quinn. 2017. The uptake of macroplastic & microplastic by demersal & pelagic fish in the Northeast Atlantic around Scotland. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 122: 353–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.073
Neves, D., P. Sobral, J.L. Ferreira, & T. Pereira. 2015. Ingestion of microplastics by commercial fish off the Portuguese coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 101: 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.008
Pozo, K., V. Gomez, M. Torres, L. Vera, D. Nuñez, P. Oyarzún, G. Mendoza, B. Clarke, M.C. Fossi, M. Baini, P. Přibylová, & J. Klánová. 2019. Presence and characterization of microplastics in fish of commercial importance from the Biobío region in central Chile. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 140: 315–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.025
Sarasita, D., A. Yunanto, & D. Yona. 2020. Kandungan mikroplastik pada empat jenis ikan ekonomis penting di perairan Selat Bali. J. Iktiologi Indonesia, 20: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.32491/jii.v20i1.508
Savoca, S., G. Capillo, M. Mancuso, T. Bottari, R. Crupi, C. Branca, V. Romano, C. Faggio, G. D’Angelo, & N. Spanò. 2019. Microplastics occurrence in the Tyrrhenian waters and in the gastrointestinal tract of two congener species of seabreams. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 67: 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2019.01.011
Su, L., H. Deng, B. Li, Q. Chen, V. Pettigrove, C. Wu, & H. Shi. 2019. The occurrence of microplastic in specific organs in commercially caught fishes from coast and estuary area of east China. J. Hazardous Material, 365: 716–724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.024
Woods, M.N., M.E. Stack, D.M. Fields, S.D. Shaw, & P.A. Matrai. 2018. Microplastic fiber uptake, ingestion, and egestion rates in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 137: 638–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.061
Yona, D., S.H.J. Sari, F. Iranawati, S. Bachri, & W.C. Ayuningtyas. 2019. Microplastics in the surface sediments from the eastern waters of Java Sea, Indonesia. F1000Research, 8: 98. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17103.1
Zhao, J., W. Ran, J. Teng, Y. Liu, H. Liu, X. Yin, R. Cao, & Q. Wang. 2018. Microplastic pollution in sediments from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, China. Science of Total Environment, 640–641: 637–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.346
Zhu, L., H. Bai, B. Chen, X. Sun, K. Qu, & B. Xia. 2018. Microplastic pollution in North Yellow Sea, China: Observations on occurrence, distribution and identification. Science of Total Environment, 636: 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.182
Zobkov, M. & E. Esiukova. 2017. Microplastics in Baltic bottom sediments: Quantification procedures and first results. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 114: 724–732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.06
Authors
YonaD., MaharaniM. D., CordovaM. R., ElvaniaY., & DharmawanI. W. E. (2020). MICROPLASTICS ANALYSIS IN THE GILL AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF CORAL REEF FISHES FROM THREE SMALL OUTER ISLANDS OF PAPUA, INDONESIA: A PRELIMINARY STUDY. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 12(2), 495-505. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v12i2.25971
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