Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian

Ergonomic Analysis of Small-Scale Palm Sugar Starch Processing Industry in Rancakalong Village, Sumedang Regency

Muhammad Achirul Nanda — 2024-07-31

Palm starch processing is a process to produce starch from sugar palm plants, which is used as a raw material in the food and beverage industry. In general, palm starch processing activities include (i) splitting, (ii) grating, (iii) filtering coarse fiber, (iv) filtering fine fiber, (v) harvesting, and (vi) drying. Initial evaluations indicated that workers experienced physical discomfort during work. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the ergonomic aspects of palm starch processing activities, including work posture, standard time, workload, noise and vibration. Based on the analysis, the level of risk in each work element in palm starch processing includes high risk (score 8-10) and very high (score 11-15). This risk causes discomfort because work attitudes and duration do not follow standards, so changes are needed. The standard time required for each work element is as follows: 212.88 s (splitting), 363.45 s (grating), 95.08 s (filtering coarse fiber), 192.05 s (filtering fine fiber), 35 .57 seconds (harvesting), and 1821.01 s (drying). Regarding workload analysis, the Total Energy Cost (TEC) value as the level of exhaustion for sugar palm starch processing activities ranges from 92.66 kcal/hour to 265.55 kcal/hour. Regarding noise and vibration analysis, the grating workstation was identified as the station with the highest exposure values, i.e., 96 dB and 1.6 m/s². The results of this research can be used as a basis for developing more efficient work procedures, maintaining health and increasing safety in palm starch processing activities.

Application of Ice Gel For Edible Flowers Distribution Packaging of Butterfly Pea

Kamila Nikmatul Ulya — 2024-07-31

Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) is a popular edible flower in Indonesia that is rich in antioxidants. However, it is perishable and sensitive to temperature changes during storage and transportation. To maintain its quality, the use of ice gel in distribution packaging has been identified as an effective solution. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal positioning of ice gel in two types of distribution packaging, namely styrofoam box and insulated box. The experiment involved cooling 36 grams of flowers per distribution package over 2 hours of simulation using six pieces of ice gel with two different positions. The results showed that ice gel placed in position 2 was able to reduce the temperature inside the packaging more rapidly and maintain the lowest temperature for a longer period compared to ice gel placed in position 1. Therefore, placing ice gel in position 2 is the best option to be applied in the distribution package. Ice gel position 2 can reduce the flower’s temperature from 20°C to 10.7°C in the styrofoam box and from 20 ^oC to 11°C in the insulated box during simulation.

Performance profile of Cold Storage Using R32 as Refrigerant for Traditional Fishing Boat with Photovoltaic as Energi Source

Suhengki Suhengki — 2024-07-31

This paper discusses the performance of cold storage using R32 refrigerant. R32 is one of the recommended refrigerant with the main advantage low ODP and GWP (Global Warming Potential) value of around 0 and 675. However, because of this refrigerant classified as a new refrigerant, the implementation is limited to air conditioning and heat pump. In this paper, R32 will be tested for cold storage applications. The cold storage performance will be studied about the achieved temperature, power consumption, cooling capacity and Coefficient of Performance without load. The testing was carried out in 2 ways, cold storage testing on a lab scale and direct testing on a 5 GT fishing boat. The performance results show that both tests on a lab scale and tests directly on a fishing boat without a load can reach a cold storage room temperature of -18^oC. Meanwhile, the compressor power consumption supplied by photovoltaic is 0.653-0.776 kW. Based on the test results, shows that R32 has a positive possibility of being applied to cold storage.

Development and Performance Evaluation of Cyber-Physical Refrigeration System for Fishing Vessel

Gemma Cahya Hafifah Suhengki Suhengki — 2024-08-01

The rapid advancement of technology in the contemporary era has inspired individuals to contemplate more efficient and appropriate technologies, that potentially offer substantial benefits for many applications. Among these progressive technologies are the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). This research aims to develop a cyber-physical system for the supervision and regulation of refrigeration systems for fishing vessels via smartphones. This approach is seamlessly integrated into the fishing industry to enhance operational efficiency and optimize the preservation of fishery products. We have successfully applied IoT and CPS technologies for effective monitoring and control of the refrigeration system. In evaluating the accuracy of this application, two sensors were employed for analysis, specifically the primary temperature sensor and the reference temperature sensor. The principal yardstick for assessing measurement accuracy in this research is the standard deviation in sensor readings. The research findings reveal that the measured data from the primary temperature sensor and reference temperature sensor demonstrates a minimal standard deviation, signifying a high level of measurement precision. The expected outcome of implementing this system is the capability to regulate and monitor the refrigeration system, thus enabling fishermen to minimize losses in the fishery production process and elevate the quality of fishery products.

Manufacturing and Feasibility Test of Duck Egg Incubator Machine with Automatic System for Small Industrial Scale

Anang Supriadi Saleh Anang — 2024-08-02

This research aims to design and test the feasibility of an automatic system duck egg incubator, with 100% local ingredients (TKDN) and affordable for small duck egg hatching industries. Duck egg hatching continues to develop along with advances in technology and the increasing need for duck eggs and cut duck meat. The innovation of the automatic duck egg incubator machine is an effort to help the small duck egg hatching industry to increase production in a more efficient and ergonomic manner. In this research, the creation of an automatic duck egg incubator machine uses stages including problem identification, formulation and refinement of ideas, selection of design concepts, analysis and creation of working drawings, manufacture of tool prototypes, testing and refinement of tool prototypes, then feasibility tests for temperature stability and stability are carried out. humidity, and hatchability tests carried out at the small duck egg hatchery industry UD. Putra Jember, Puger, Jember. The result of this research is an automatic duck egg incubator with a capacity of 5000 eggs, with an LPG heating source. The feasibility test showed stable temperature and humidity fluctuations and produced a hatchability of 82%.

Feasibility Analysis of Using NIR Spectroscopy to Predict Ripeness Parameters of Red Guava Fruit (Psidium guajava L.)

Rezza Naftari Hartanto — 2024-08-06

Red guava is highly preferred by Indonesians because of its delightful flavor, refreshing taste, and numerous advantages. It is a climacteric fruit, and the age at which red guava is picked affects the quality of the fruit. The estimation of the maturity parameters of red guava is physically destructive (damages the fruit). This study aimed to assess the NIR method to predict the maturity parameters of red guava fruit with wavelengths of 1000-2500 nm. Red guavas of four different picking ages were used in this study. The tested maturity parameters included firmness, moisture content, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, and sugar-acid ratio at various harvest ages. The partial least squares (PLS) method was used for calibration and validation of NIRS data and reference data. The results of this study show that NIRS can estimate the ripeness of red guava fruit based on firmness, acidity, sugar-acid ratio, and water content. The best-estimated value for firmness parameters was obtained with pretreatment MSC factor PLS 14, resulting in r calibration of 0.94, SEP 7.20, CV 25.91%, and RPD 2.90; acidity without pretreatment factor PLS 13 obtained r calibration of 0.82, SEP 0.17, CV 24.42%, RPD 1.68; sugar acid ratio with pretreatment SNV factor PLS 10 obtained r calibration 0.75, SEP 4.03, CV 30.81%, RPD 1.51; and for moisture content using SNV pretreatment factor PLS 13, r calibration 0.88, SEP 0.95, CV 1.08%, RPD 1.95.

Macro-Nutrient Prediction of Paddy Field Soil Using Artificial Neural Network and NIR Spectroscopy

Jonni Firdaus — 2024-08-07

Understanding soil fertility, influenced by macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, is essential for adaptive agriculture implementation based on various soil conditions. Near-infrared spectroscopy technology provides non-destructive, rapid soil property measurements without chemicals, applicable both in-field and in-laboratory. However, the wide NIR spectrum range and neural network complexities can hinder Artificial Neural Network (ANN) training and inference, leading to time and resource inefficiency, especially without sophisticated computing devices. This study examines data reduction methods to enhance ANN performance in predicting soil macronutrients using NIR spectra. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to select wavelengths from the 1000–2500 nm for ANN input, comparing their performance. About 237 NIR reflectance data from paddy soil were transformed into absorbance data. MLR used forward selection to identify wavelengths with correlations higher than 0.9, while PCA selected wavelengths corresponding to the loading factor peaks for each principal component. These selected wavelengths served as inputs for the ANN model. The ANN’s performance was assessed using correlation and determination coefficients, RMSE, RPD, and model consistency. For nitrogen, the PCA+ANN model with reflectance spectra performed better (RPD 2.4-4.8) than the MLR+ANN model (RPD 2.2-2.6) using fewer wavelengths (5-9 for PCA+ANN vs. 9-12 for MLR+ANN). For phosphorus estimation, the PCA+ANN model also excelled (RPD 2.3-7.0 vs. 2.3-2.4) with fewer wavelengths (4-7 vs. 7). For potassium estimation, the PCA+ANN model showed superior performance (RPD 4.3-9.5 vs. 4.2-4.4), using the same number of wavelengths (4-8 vs. 4-6).

Physico-Chemical Properties of Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L.) Flour from White-fleshed and Purplish-White-fleshed Tubers

Wiyan Afriyanto Pamungkas — 2024-08-08

Flour quality in the form of physicochemical and sensory properties is an essential parameter that will influence the design, process, and results of the processing of gembili flour derivative products. This study aims to evaluate flour's physical and chemical properties from white-fleshed gembili tubers (Yawal Porei) and purplish-white-fleshed gembili tubers (Thai) and determine consumer preferences for the flour produced. The physical properties of gembili flour were analyzed, including yield, whiteness, and fineness modulus (FM). Meanwhile, the chemical composition of the flour analyzed includes moisture content, carbohydrates, protein, ash content and crude fibre. 35 untrained panellists were used in organoleptic tests to assess consumer preferences. The results show that the two gembili tubers produce flour with different physical and chemical properties. White-fleshed gembili flour has several advantages in terms of physical and chemical properties, namely yield (15.62% ± 0.41), whiteness (79.55 ± 0.98), carbohydrates (82.86% ± 0.21) and crude fibre (5.28% ± 0.61) which has the potential as a rice analogue, noodles, cake, fillers, and cookies. Meanwhile, purplish-white-fleshed gembili flour has a high protein content (5.40% ± 0.16) and ash content (6.75% ± 0.05), which has the potential as a bakery product. The FM of the two types of gembili flour was not much different and has a moisture content that meets the Indonesian National Standard, below 14.5%. The sensory assessment showed that the panellists preferred white-fleshed gembili flour to purplish-white-fleshed gembili flour. The sensory assessment showed that the panellists preferred white-fleshed gembili flour to purplish-white-fleshed gembili flour.

Determination of Sustainable Factory Locations for the Lemon Agroindustry using AHP, Mapping and Water Management.

Boy Macklin Pareira Prawiranegara — 2024-08-12

This research was conducted in Suntenjaya Village, Lembang, West Bandung Regency, focusing on lemon agro-industry development through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method approach, area mapping, and water management to determine a sustainable factory location. The main objective is the selection of factory site by integrating lemon production considering sustainable agriculture aspects, product aspects, and water conservation programs. The results of the study provide a strong foundation for sustainable agro-industrial development will support sustainable agriculture, local economy, and environmental protection. The research also combined qualitative and quantitative elements with a mixed approach that included Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and AHP with the results showing that integrated drainage management was the top priority, followed by sanitation, clean water, reforestation, and sustainable agriculture. Mapping of areas based on geographical characteristics such as rainfall, slope, and soil type provided a map of water infiltration rates that became a key guide in planning water conservation programs. This research has positive implications in supporting sustainable agricultural practices and local economic empowerment. The results of the AHP analysis and area mapping form a strong framework for the development of a sustainable lemon agro-industry with positive economic and environmental impacts.

Rice Husk Availability Mapping as Biomass Cofiring Material at Power Plant in Indramayu

Abdul Baits Dehana Padma Swastika — 2024-08-21

Indonesia plans to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 29% by 2030 to address its high fossil energy use. One strategy involves PT PLN (Persero) implementing biomass cofiring technology in 52 power plants by 2025. As the 4^th global rice producer, rice husk become a potential source for this strategy in Indonesia. However, sustainability of supply is a challenge, with inadequate research and only 33.52% recording at the rice mills. This study aims to quantify the rice husk availability for biomass cofiring in Indramayu Regency, the Indonesia's largest rice-producing area. Using a spatial approach, surveys, interviews, and Quantum GIS (QGIS) version 3.22.12, a visual map of rice husk availability was created. The result of the research is 95 data of rice mills (79 small, 12 medium, 4 large) which showed daily husk potentials of 0.87, 4.83, and 10.74 tons, respectively. National production data estimated theoretically an annual availability of 272,106 tons of rice husk. Spatial analysis from surveys and interviews indicated 601,669 tons/year, while distribution by milling scale suggested 588,861 tons/year. Competition for rice husk use was high in industries like roof tile, brick, and cement, with recovery fractions (α) of 13.23%, 17.50%, and 23.33% during harvest, and 3.90%, 10%, and 15% in the off-season. With information of operational days from each mill scale during the harvesting and the off-season, the mobilizable of rice husk was calculated as 77,102.17 tons/year. Policies promoting the use and management of rice husk in rice-producing areas are necessary to enhance biomass cofiring implementation.