Entrepreneurship Capital and Performance of Social Forestry Entrepreneurship Group
Article Sidebar
Accepted
18 March 2024
Published
11 September 2024
Keywords:
-
Community Capital, Entrepreneurs, Social Forestry
Abstract
It is important to explain community forestry entrepreneurship in the context of community forest management, which continues to develop as social entrepreneurship that can increase sources of livelihood and environmental benefits. This study adapted the concept of community capital to explain the level of entrepreneurial capital and its influence on the performance of the Social Forestry Entrepreneurial Group (SFEG) through a quantitative approach by collecting data from Focus Group Discussions (FGD), interviews, observations, and literature studies. Data analysis was used with scoring, categorizing, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study reveal the level of entrepreneurial capital in SFEG in the low to very high category is directly proportional to the simultaneous effect on performance. Natural capital, finance capital, and political capital significantly influence socioeconomic and environmental performance; political capital increases social capital, physical capital, and human capital. SFEG based on forest resource commodities as a source of livelihood needs to get attention, including increasing human capital in the form of intensive skills through a mentoring process by officers and easy access to funding sources through
government policies.
References
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Butler MM. 2020. Community Forest Enterprise Governance in the Maya Biosphere Reserve [Dissertation]. The USA. University of Minnesota. Available at : https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/215124
Charnley S, Poe MR. 2007. Community Forestry in Theory and Practice: Where Are We Now?. Article in Annual Review of Anthropology. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123143
Charmakar S, Chivhenge E. 2018. Community Forest Enterprises in Developing Countries: A Potential Strategy for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. Conference: Forests in climate change research and policy: the role of forest management and conservation in a complex international settingAt: Pietermaritzburg and Durban South Africa
Costanza R, Arge R, Groot R De, Farber S, Grasso M, Hannon B, Limburg K, Naeem S, Neill RVO, Paruelo J, et al. 1997. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. nature. 387(5): 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1038/387253a0
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Duguma LA, Minang PA, Foundjem-Tita D, Makui P, Piabuo SM (2018). Prioritizing enablers for effective community forestry in Cameroon. Ecology and Society, 23(3). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26799126
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Emery M, Flora C. 2006. Spiraling-Up: Mapping Community Transformation with Community Capitals Framework. 50 Years Community Dev. 37(1):163–179. doi:10.4324/9781003103066-13
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Gutie I, Ortiz-morea FA, Suarez AE, Casanoves F, Ordo C, Suarez JC. 2021. Dimensions of social and political capital in interventions to improve household well-being : Implications for coffee-growing areas in southern Colombia. Plos one 16(1): e0245971. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245971
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Ibrahim AZ, Hassan KH, Kamaruddin R. 2018. The Level of Livelihood Assets Ownership Among Vulnerability Groups in the East Coast of Malaysia. European Journal of Sustainable Development. 7(3):157-161. ISSN: 2239-5938. Doi: 10.14207/ejsd.2018.v7n3p157
Ido A. 2019. The effect of social capital on collective action in community forest management in Cambodia. International Journal of the Commons. 13(1): 777–803. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.939
Jacobs C. 2007. Measuring Success in Communities: Understanding the Community Capitals Framework. http://agbiopubs.sdstate.edu/articles/ExEx16010.pdf
Jack J, Eke P, Anele K. 2018. Does Skill Aquisition Improve Rural Household Income Levels? Evidence From Oil Impacted Communities Of The Niger Delta. Development Studies Round Table (A Journal of Development), Vol. 6 no 2 (159-169), August 2018
Kleban O. Problems of Effective Use of Physical Capital in Agricultural Enterprises of Ukraine (2010). Rural Areas and Development, vol. 7, ISSN: 2657-4403, 2010, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3719947
Kusumawardhani, Sulistyowati Diah. 2014. The Role of Social Capital for Sustainable Forest Management, A Case of Community Forest in Karangrejo and Wonotopo Village, Purworejo Regency, Indonesia [thesis]. Rotterdam. Erasmus University. UMD 10 Report number: 697. hdl.handle.net/2105/31020
Lamm KW, Borron A, Atkins K. 2020. The Community Diagnostics and Social Impact Toolkit: Development and Validation of a Reliable Measure Journal of Agricultural Education. 61(4):249-265. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2020.04249
Li H, Luyu Y, Thị TN, Nazan C, Jun L. 2021. Factors influencing the livelihood strategy choices of rural households in tourist destinations Factors influencing the livelihood strategy choices of rural households in tourist destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 30(4): 875-896. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2021.1903015
Mcqueen D. 2008. Supporting Small Forest Enterprises A Cross-Sectoral Review of Best Practice. IIED Small and Medium Forestry Enterprise Series No. 23. IIED, London, UK.
Mcqueen D. 2013. Enabling Conditions for Successful Community Forest Enterprises. Small-scale Forestry 12, 145–163. doi:10.1007/s11842-011-9193-8.
Mandiefe S, Hoogstra-klein M, Ingram V, Foundjem-tita D. 2022. Forest Policy and Economics Community forest enterprises (CFEs) as Social Enterprises: Empirical evidence from Cameroon. Forest and Policy Economics. 135(5):102664. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102664.
Manoppo V. 2020. Natural Capital , Social Capital , and Physical Capital in Improving the Performance of Ecotourism in Bunaken National Park , Indonesia. Proceedings of the 23rd Asian Forum of Business Education (AFBE 2019). 144(Afbe 2019):514–520. doi : 10.2991/aebmr.k.200606.087
Merino L. 2003. Community Forest Management In Mexico: A Viable Strategy For Entrepreneurial Development And Stewardship For Conservation. XII World Forestry Congress 2033, Canada.
Mohamadi A, M. Omidi Najafabadi, A. Poursaeed. 202. A comprehensive sustainable development framework; community capitals and village-cooperative initiatives. Brazilian Journal of Biology. ISSN 1519-6984 (Print) ISSN 1678-4375 (Online). DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.269509
Ohorella S, Suharjito D, Ichwandi I. 2011. The Effectiveness of Local Institutions in Forest Resources Management in Rumahkay Community, Western Seram District, Maluku. JMHT Vol. XVII, (2): 49–55, August 2011 Scientific Article ISSN: 2087-0469.DOI: 10.7226/jmht.17.2.49-55
Ota L, Chazdon RL, Herbohn J, Gregorio N, Mukul SA, Wilson SJ. 2020. Achieving Quality Forest and Landscape Restoration in the Tropics. Forests. 11(8):820. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11080820
cPurnomo H. 2006. Forest Degradation and Unemployment: Towards Small-Scale Forest Management Journal of Tropical Forest Management Vol. XII No. 2 : 44-56 (2006)
Qin H, Bass M, Ulrich-schad JD, Matarrita-cascante D, Sanders C, Bekee B. 2020. Community, Natural Resources, and Sustainability : Overview of an Interdisciplinary and International Literature. JournalsSustainability.12(3): 1061;https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031061
Rahmawati F, Rofiq A, Wijayanti R. 2021. Community Social Capital and Firm Performance. Journal of International Conference Proceedings 4(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v4i1.1144
Robinson-pant A. 2016. Learning Knowledge And Skills For Agriculture To Improve Rural Livelihoods [Internet]. Rome (ITA): UNESCO. [downloaded March 23, 2023]. Available at : https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000245765
Rochmayanto Y, Nurfatriani F, Setiadi A. 2019. Economic Scale Of Social Forestry Enterprise: Study On Agroforestry And Ecotourism In Yogyakarta And West Nusa Tenggara. Kurniawan Journal of Forestry Social and Economic Research (JPSEK) Vol 16 2019. eISSN : 2502-4221 pISSN : 1979-6013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jpsek.2019.16.1.55-80
Serrat O. 2017. The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach. In: Knowledge Solutions. Springers, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0983-9_5
Siegner M, Panwar R, Kozak R. 2021. Community forest enterprises and social enterprises: the confluence of two streams of literature for sustainable natural resource management. Social Enterprise Journal. 17(4):584–603. doi:10.1108/SEJ-10-2020-0096.
Suharjito D, Saputro G E. 2008. Social Capital in the Management of Forest Resources in the Kasepuhan Community, Banten Kidul. Journal of Forestry Socioeconomic Research Vol. 5 No. 4 December 2008 Pages 317-335
Suka AP, Oktalina SN, Irawanti S. 2017. Livelihood Assets in Managing Community Forest in Indonesia: Case Study. at Pati, Central Java. IUFRO • INAFOR 2017- PAPER F6
Stoian D, Donovan J, Poole N. 2009. Unlocking the development potential of community forest enterprises: findings from a comparative study in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the United States. XIII World Forestry Congress Buenos Aires, Argentina, 18 – 23 October 2009 Tabares A, Abraham L, Jose AC, and Rodrigo GM. 2022. Rural Entrepreneurship: An Analysis of Current and Emerging Issues from the Sustainable Livelihood Framework. Economies 10: 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10060142
Syafar M, Ulumi HFB. 2021. From Community Capital to Sustainable Rural Livelihood: Exploring Green Development Program in Masoso, Indonesia. Journal of Community Empowerment: Thought Media and Development Da'wah.. 5(1):77–104. ISSN: 2580-863X. doi:10.14421/jpm.2020.051-04.
Tadesse S, Woldetsadik M, Senbeta F. 2017. Forest users' level of participation in a participatory forest management program in southwestern Ethiopia, Forest Science and Technology, 13:4, 164-173, DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2017.1387613
Tampubolon R, Zuska F, Purwoko A. 2021. Assistance Strategies in Entrepreneurial Development for Social Forestry Groups in Merangin District, Jambi Province. Porch Engineering 7(1). DOI: 10.32672/jse.v7i1.3706
Tri Murni L. 2015. The Effect of Social Capital on Governance and Sustainable Livelihood of Coastal City Community Medan. 211(September):718–722. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.092.
Wijayanto HW, Affandi A. 2019. Effect of Livelihood Assets on Livelihood Strategies of Forest Edge Communities in UB Forest, Tawangargo Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency The influence of Livelihood Assets against the Livelihood Strategies of the community banks of forest in Tawa. 30(2):54–61. doi:10.21776/ub.habitat.2019.030.2.7.
Wijayanto N. 2006. Agroforestry training module. ITTO Training Proceedings. ITTO Project Participatory Establishment Collaborative Sustainable Forest Management In Dusun Aro, Jambi. PD 210/03. Faculty of Forestry IPB. Bogor 3(5):63–77. Available at : http://www.itto.int/files/user/pdf/publications/PD%20210%2003/pd210-03-1%20rev3(F)%20e.pdf
Wu J, Chen S, Zhou K, Chen X. 2022. Influence of Livelihood Capital of Rural Reservoir Resettled Households on the Choice of Livelihood Strategies in China. water. 14(24):4055. doi:10.3390/w14244055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244055.
Zhang Z, Lynne GD. 2016. Is Social Capital Motivated by Self-interest Only? A Case Study on a Well-developed US Rural Community. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 4(1): 25-31, 2016. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2016.040105
Agarwal S, Sairorkham B, Sakitram P & Lambin EF. 2022. Effectiveness of community forests for forest conservation in Nan province, Thailand. https://doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2022.2078438
Antinori C, Bray DB. 2005. Community Forest Enterprises as Entrepreneurial Firms: Economic and Institutional Perspectives from Mexico. Journal of World Development. 33(9):1529–1543. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.10.011.
Astuti T, Simarmata MM. 2020. Participation and community motivation to protect the Forest Park Tahura of Bukit Barisan. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 7(5), 78-88.https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v7n5.973
Audia B, Kaskoyo H, Wulandari C, Safe'i R. 2019. Internal and External Factors in Developing the Economic Value of Codot Coffee in the Beringin Jaya Community Forest, Tanggamus Regency. Wilderness 2(2):142. DOI: 10.29303/jbl.v2i2.184
Bakouma J, Seve J. 2012. Forest management by community-based enterprises. Files can be downloaded at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329483241_Forest_management_by_community_based_enterprises
Butler MM. 2020. Community Forest Enterprise Governance in the Maya Biosphere Reserve [Dissertation]. The USA. University of Minnesota. Available at : https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/215124
Charnley S, Poe MR. 2007. Community Forestry in Theory and Practice: Where Are We Now?. Article in Annual Review of Anthropology. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123143
Charmakar S, Chivhenge E. 2018. Community Forest Enterprises in Developing Countries: A Potential Strategy for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. Conference: Forests in climate change research and policy: the role of forest management and conservation in a complex international settingAt: Pietermaritzburg and Durban South Africa
Costanza R, Arge R, Groot R De, Farber S, Grasso M, Hannon B, Limburg K, Naeem S, Neill RVO, Paruelo J, et al. 1997. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. nature. 387(5): 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1038/387253a0
Dongol CM, Kenneth FDH, Bigsby HR.. 2002. Capital Formation and Sustainable Community Forestry in Nepal Mountain Research and Development Vol 22 No 1 Feb 2002: 70–77. DOI: 10.1659/0276-4741(2002)022[0070:CFASCF]2.0.CO;2
Duguma LA, Minang PA, Foundjem-Tita D, Makui P, Piabuo SM (2018). Prioritizing enablers for effective community forestry in Cameroon. Ecology and Society, 23(3). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26799126
Ekawati Sulistya. 2020. Evaluation of Community Empowerment Around Forests: to Ensure the Achievement of Social Forestry Goals. PT Kanisius. Special Region of Yogyakarta. ISBN 978-979-21-6820-4. Available at: http://simlit.puspijak.org/files/book/evaluation_pemberdayaan_ Masyarakat_2020.pdf
Elson D. 2008. Linking Flegt Voluntary Partnership Agreements To Jobs And Growth: Potential Challenges And Benefits For Small And Medium-Sized Forest Enterprises. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/FLEGT_SMFEs_FINAL.pdf
Emery M, Flora C. 2006. Spiraling-Up: Mapping Community Transformation with Community Capitals Framework. 50 Years Community Dev. 37(1):163–179. doi:10.4324/9781003103066-13
Flora CB, Thibomery A. 2005. Community capitals: Poverty reduction and rural development in dry areas. Ann Arid Zone. 44(3–4):239–253. Url : http://hdl.handle.net/10919/66788
Government of Indonesia. 2021. Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number 9 of 2021 on Social Forestry. Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Jakarta.
Gutie I, Ortiz-morea FA, Suarez AE, Casanoves F, Ordo C, Suarez JC. 2021. Dimensions of social and political capital in interventions to improve household well-being : Implications for coffee-growing areas in southern Colombia. Plos one 16(1): e0245971. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245971
Hamzah, Suharjito D, Istomo. 2015. The Effectiveness of Local Institutions in the Management of Forest Resources in the Nagari Simanau Community, Solok Regency. Agricultural and Environmental Policy Brief Vol. 2 No. 2, August 2015: 117-128 ISSN : 2355-6226 E-ISSN : 2477-0299
Hermosilla, Arnoldo C, Trends F, Fay C. 2006. Memperkokoh Pengelolaan Hutan Indonesia Melalui Pembaruan Penguasaan Tanah: Permasalahan dan Kerangka Tindakan. World Agroforestry Centre.
Ibrahim AZ, Hassan KH, Kamaruddin R. 2018. The Level of Livelihood Assets Ownership Among Vulnerability Groups in the East Coast of Malaysia. European Journal of Sustainable Development. 7(3):157-161. ISSN: 2239-5938. Doi: 10.14207/ejsd.2018.v7n3p157
Ido A. 2019. The effect of social capital on collective action in community forest management in Cambodia. International Journal of the Commons. 13(1): 777–803. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.939
Jacobs C. 2007. Measuring Success in Communities: Understanding the Community Capitals Framework. http://agbiopubs.sdstate.edu/articles/ExEx16010.pdf
Jack J, Eke P, Anele K. 2018. Does Skill Aquisition Improve Rural Household Income Levels? Evidence From Oil Impacted Communities Of The Niger Delta. Development Studies Round Table (A Journal of Development), Vol. 6 no 2 (159-169), August 2018
Kleban O. Problems of Effective Use of Physical Capital in Agricultural Enterprises of Ukraine (2010). Rural Areas and Development, vol. 7, ISSN: 2657-4403, 2010, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3719947
Kusumawardhani, Sulistyowati Diah. 2014. The Role of Social Capital for Sustainable Forest Management, A Case of Community Forest in Karangrejo and Wonotopo Village, Purworejo Regency, Indonesia [thesis]. Rotterdam. Erasmus University. UMD 10 Report number: 697. hdl.handle.net/2105/31020
Lamm KW, Borron A, Atkins K. 2020. The Community Diagnostics and Social Impact Toolkit: Development and Validation of a Reliable Measure Journal of Agricultural Education. 61(4):249-265. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2020.04249
Li H, Luyu Y, Thị TN, Nazan C, Jun L. 2021. Factors influencing the livelihood strategy choices of rural households in tourist destinations Factors influencing the livelihood strategy choices of rural households in tourist destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 30(4): 875-896. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2021.1903015
Mcqueen D. 2008. Supporting Small Forest Enterprises A Cross-Sectoral Review of Best Practice. IIED Small and Medium Forestry Enterprise Series No. 23. IIED, London, UK.
Mcqueen D. 2013. Enabling Conditions for Successful Community Forest Enterprises. Small-scale Forestry 12, 145–163. doi:10.1007/s11842-011-9193-8.
Mandiefe S, Hoogstra-klein M, Ingram V, Foundjem-tita D. 2022. Forest Policy and Economics Community forest enterprises (CFEs) as Social Enterprises: Empirical evidence from Cameroon. Forest and Policy Economics. 135(5):102664. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102664.
Manoppo V. 2020. Natural Capital , Social Capital , and Physical Capital in Improving the Performance of Ecotourism in Bunaken National Park , Indonesia. Proceedings of the 23rd Asian Forum of Business Education (AFBE 2019). 144(Afbe 2019):514–520. doi : 10.2991/aebmr.k.200606.087
Merino L. 2003. Community Forest Management In Mexico: A Viable Strategy For Entrepreneurial Development And Stewardship For Conservation. XII World Forestry Congress 2033, Canada.
Mohamadi A, M. Omidi Najafabadi, A. Poursaeed. 202. A comprehensive sustainable development framework; community capitals and village-cooperative initiatives. Brazilian Journal of Biology. ISSN 1519-6984 (Print) ISSN 1678-4375 (Online). DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.269509
Ohorella S, Suharjito D, Ichwandi I. 2011. The Effectiveness of Local Institutions in Forest Resources Management in Rumahkay Community, Western Seram District, Maluku. JMHT Vol. XVII, (2): 49–55, August 2011 Scientific Article ISSN: 2087-0469.DOI: 10.7226/jmht.17.2.49-55
Ota L, Chazdon RL, Herbohn J, Gregorio N, Mukul SA, Wilson SJ. 2020. Achieving Quality Forest and Landscape Restoration in the Tropics. Forests. 11(8):820. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11080820
cPurnomo H. 2006. Forest Degradation and Unemployment: Towards Small-Scale Forest Management Journal of Tropical Forest Management Vol. XII No. 2 : 44-56 (2006)
Qin H, Bass M, Ulrich-schad JD, Matarrita-cascante D, Sanders C, Bekee B. 2020. Community, Natural Resources, and Sustainability : Overview of an Interdisciplinary and International Literature. JournalsSustainability.12(3): 1061;https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031061
Rahmawati F, Rofiq A, Wijayanti R. 2021. Community Social Capital and Firm Performance. Journal of International Conference Proceedings 4(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v4i1.1144
Robinson-pant A. 2016. Learning Knowledge And Skills For Agriculture To Improve Rural Livelihoods [Internet]. Rome (ITA): UNESCO. [downloaded March 23, 2023]. Available at : https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000245765
Rochmayanto Y, Nurfatriani F, Setiadi A. 2019. Economic Scale Of Social Forestry Enterprise: Study On Agroforestry And Ecotourism In Yogyakarta And West Nusa Tenggara. Kurniawan Journal of Forestry Social and Economic Research (JPSEK) Vol 16 2019. eISSN : 2502-4221 pISSN : 1979-6013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jpsek.2019.16.1.55-80
Serrat O. 2017. The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach. In: Knowledge Solutions. Springers, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0983-9_5
Siegner M, Panwar R, Kozak R. 2021. Community forest enterprises and social enterprises: the confluence of two streams of literature for sustainable natural resource management. Social Enterprise Journal. 17(4):584–603. doi:10.1108/SEJ-10-2020-0096.
Suharjito D, Saputro G E. 2008. Social Capital in the Management of Forest Resources in the Kasepuhan Community, Banten Kidul. Journal of Forestry Socioeconomic Research Vol. 5 No. 4 December 2008 Pages 317-335
Suka AP, Oktalina SN, Irawanti S. 2017. Livelihood Assets in Managing Community Forest in Indonesia: Case Study. at Pati, Central Java. IUFRO • INAFOR 2017- PAPER F6
Stoian D, Donovan J, Poole N. 2009. Unlocking the development potential of community forest enterprises: findings from a comparative study in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the United States. XIII World Forestry Congress Buenos Aires, Argentina, 18 – 23 October 2009 Tabares A, Abraham L, Jose AC, and Rodrigo GM. 2022. Rural Entrepreneurship: An Analysis of Current and Emerging Issues from the Sustainable Livelihood Framework. Economies 10: 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10060142
Syafar M, Ulumi HFB. 2021. From Community Capital to Sustainable Rural Livelihood: Exploring Green Development Program in Masoso, Indonesia. Journal of Community Empowerment: Thought Media and Development Da'wah.. 5(1):77–104. ISSN: 2580-863X. doi:10.14421/jpm.2020.051-04.
Tadesse S, Woldetsadik M, Senbeta F. 2017. Forest users' level of participation in a participatory forest management program in southwestern Ethiopia, Forest Science and Technology, 13:4, 164-173, DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2017.1387613
Tampubolon R, Zuska F, Purwoko A. 2021. Assistance Strategies in Entrepreneurial Development for Social Forestry Groups in Merangin District, Jambi Province. Porch Engineering 7(1). DOI: 10.32672/jse.v7i1.3706
Tri Murni L. 2015. The Effect of Social Capital on Governance and Sustainable Livelihood of Coastal City Community Medan. 211(September):718–722. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.092.
Wijayanto HW, Affandi A. 2019. Effect of Livelihood Assets on Livelihood Strategies of Forest Edge Communities in UB Forest, Tawangargo Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency The influence of Livelihood Assets against the Livelihood Strategies of the community banks of forest in Tawa. 30(2):54–61. doi:10.21776/ub.habitat.2019.030.2.7.
Wijayanto N. 2006. Agroforestry training module. ITTO Training Proceedings. ITTO Project Participatory Establishment Collaborative Sustainable Forest Management In Dusun Aro, Jambi. PD 210/03. Faculty of Forestry IPB. Bogor 3(5):63–77. Available at : http://www.itto.int/files/user/pdf/publications/PD%20210%2003/pd210-03-1%20rev3(F)%20e.pdf
Wu J, Chen S, Zhou K, Chen X. 2022. Influence of Livelihood Capital of Rural Reservoir Resettled Households on the Choice of Livelihood Strategies in China. water. 14(24):4055. doi:10.3390/w14244055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244055.
Zhang Z, Lynne GD. 2016. Is Social Capital Motivated by Self-interest Only? A Case Study on a Well-developed US Rural Community. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 4(1): 25-31, 2016. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2016.040105
Authors
KusumaG. A., SuharjitoD. and TrisonS. (2024) “Entrepreneurship Capital and Performance of Social Forestry Entrepreneurship Group ”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 14(4), p. 792. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.14.4.792.
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