Current Biomedicine

Front Matter Vol 2 No 1

Current Biomedicine — 2024-02-23

https://doi.org/10.29244/currbiomed.2.1.i-iii

Synergistic antibacterial activity of Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus L.) seed extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on bioautography

Min Rahminiwati — 2023-12-28

Background: A 70% ethanol extract of jicama seeds has been reported to have antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phytochemical tests of the extract have identified alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. However, the compounds responsible for its antibacterial effects against P. aeruginosa have not yet been studied. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the class of chemical compounds responsible for the antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. Methods: The antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa was studied using the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the jicama seed extract at concentrations of 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, and 34% in liquid and solid Nutrient Agar media, the wide inhibitory zone (WIZ) using the Kirby Bauer method, and the retention factor (Rf) of the extract using thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-bioautography. Results: The study results showed that the jicama seed extract had an MBC value of 26%, and the best WIZ value in the extract was 5.68 mm at concentration of 34%. The Rf value in the extract at concentration of 34% which showed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa was 0.812, 0.750, 0.675, 0.625, and 0.787 of each compound group identified as flavonoids, tannins, quinones, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. The WIZ value of each compound was lower than the WIZ value of the extract. Conclusion: Based on the Rf data, the antibacterial effect of jicama seed extract against P. aeruginosa is likely the result of a synergistic interaction between the chemical compounds contained therein.

Effectivity of Nutrichick Gel® to maintain body weight of day-old chick during transportation with different distances

Hamdika Yendri Putra — 2023-12-28

Background: Stress during the transportation period can cause a decrease in day-old chicken (DOC) body weight, which will increase maintenance costs to achieve harvest weight targets. Objective: The research aimed to examine the effect of Nutrichick Gel® product on maintaining body weight of DOC during transportation with different distances. Method: A total of 816 DOC from a hatchery in Sukabumi, West Java, were divided into 4 groups: S+Nutrichick, S-Nutrichick, P+Nutrichick, and P-Nutrichick, with 204 heads in each group. The S+Nutrichick and P+Nutrichick groups received 0.5 mL of Nutrichick Gel® per head, while the S-Nutrichick and P-Nutrichick groups were not given any supplements. The S+Nutrichick and S-Nutrichick groups were transported to Sukoharjo (518 km, ±8 hours; short distance) and the P+Nutrichick and P-Nutrichick groups were transported to Padang (1350 km, ±36 hours; long distance). The difference in weight gain and uniformity was observed before and after transportation. Results: Nutrichick Gel® supplemented groups showed the increased body weight and uniformity percentages, with 0.78% and 4.88% for the S+Nutrichick group, and 4.14% and 2.81% for the P+Nutrichick groups, respectively. The control group without supplementation displayed the decreased body weight and uniformity percentages, with -1.66% and -2.77% for the S-Nutrichick groups and -7.34% and -9.21% for the P-Nutrichick groups, respectively. No DOC’s mortality was observed in all groups. Conclusion: Nutrichick Gel® supplementation could maintain the DOC's body weight during transportation. The longer the distance traveled, the higher the benefits obtained from the difference in body weight using Nutrichick Gel® supplementation.

Effectiveness of Malay rose apple (Syzygium malaccense) infusion as antidiarrheal in mice (Mus musculus)

Alfian Santosa — 2023-12-28

Background: Malay rose apple (Syzygium malaccense) fruit has been used for a long time as a traditional medicine for diarrhea by the community. Malay rose apple fruit contains active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids and could be used as an antidiarrheal drug. Objective: This study aims to test the effectiveness of the infusion of Malay rose apple fruit as an antidiarrheal agent in mice (Mus musculus). Methods: This research uses the method of intestinal protection and intestinal transit. The experimental animals in this study were 25 mice, which were divided into 5 groups, consisting of negative control (1% Tween 80), positive control group (loperamide HCl), and treatment groups using infusion of Malay rose apple fruit at concentrations of 50%, 75%, and 100%. The parameters assessed in the intestinal protection method are the frequency of defecation and the consistency of the stool, while the intestinal transit method is the ratio of marker passages. Results: The results showed that the antidiarrheal effect occurred at all concentrations. The best concentration as an antidiarrhea is shown by infusion with a concentration of 50%. The 50% concentration group had the smallest average on defecation frequency, stool consistency, and marker passage ratio compared to the values of the other treatment groups and was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to the value in the negative control. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the antidiarrheal effect of the infusion of Malay rose apple fruit occurs at all concentrations, with the best effect at a concentration of 50%.

Activity of arabica green coffee bean (Coffea arabica) extract as an immunomodulator in mice (Mus musculus) infected with Staphylococcus aureus

Sharon Aurellia — 2023-12-28

Arabica green coffee bean is the most widely produced coffee bean in Indonesia. Studies have shown that arabica green coffee beans are rich in polyphenols and antioxidants, stimulating immune cell proliferation. This study investigated the immunomodulatory activity of arabica green coffee beans (Coffea arabica). Thirty mice (Mus musculus) with an average body weight of 30 g were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, and groups administered arabica green coffee bean powder extract at doses of 0.03, 0.06, and 0.18 mg/30 g BW. It was orally administered once daily for 14 days. On the 15th day, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with non-pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. After an hour, mice were necropsied for peritoneal fluid collection. Peritoneal fluid was stained with a peripheral blood smear, and the number of macrophages and lymphocytes was observed under a microscope. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s test. The group administered with 0.18 mg/30 g body weight (BW) dose showed the highest average of macrophage and lymphocytes compared to the negative control group and any other groups. Arabica green coffee bean powder extract was shown to have immunomodulatory activity, with the highest activity observed at a dosage of 0.18 mg/30 g BW.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma on fibroblasts induced by lipopolysaccharide: in vitro study for wound healing

Muthoharoh Idris — 2023-12-28

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is expected to be an alternative therapy in wound healing by accelerating the inflammatory process and increasing the healing factors so that the healing process or inflammation is faster. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl₂)-activated PRP on the viability, migration, and cytokine levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of dermal fibroblast cells in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions, as a model in wound healing in vitro. Fibroblast cells were grown in DMEM medium induced with LPS, and then CaCl₂-activated PRP treatment was added. Measure fibroblast cell viability using CCK-8 kit (cell counting kit-8) was evaluated using a microplate reader, and the cell migration was evaluated using scratch-assay and TScratch software. Expression of IL-6 and VEGF using ELISA kit. All data were analyzed using software SPSS version 26 by performing a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal Wills, and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that PRP significantly increased fibroblast cell viability in the 10% PRP treatment group. This study shows that PRP does not reduce IL-6 cytokine levels but can increase VEGF growth factor in fibroblast cell cultures. PRP increased cell migration so that the healing process was faster. In conclusion, the CaCl2-activated PRP on LPS-induced fibroblast cells can increase viability and accelerate cell migration; it can’t decrease IL-6 but can increase VEGF expression. PRP is expected to be an alternative therapy in wound healing.

Resistance of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from laying hens against several antibiotics

Adnan Rizal Suhendi — 2024-02-23

Background: Inappropriate use of antibiotics in livestock causes the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. One of the bacteria that has been reported to be resistant is Escherichia coli so that the treatment for this bacterial infection is less effective. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the resistance of pathogenic E. coli originating from cloacal swabs of laying hens to antibiotics. Methods: A total of 20 cloacal swab samples identified the presence of E. coli through macroscopic, microscopic observations, biochemical tests, and carbohydrate fermentation so that 15 E. coli isolates were obtained. Pathogenicity test was carried out using congo red media. Pathogenic isolates were tested for their sensitivity against 6 types of antibiotics using the Kirby-Baurer disk diffusion susceptibility test. Results: The research isolated 15 isolates and congo red media test found out 4 isolates were pathogenic E. coli. The results showed that 75% of the isolates were resistant to azithromycin, 100% of the isolates were intermediately resistant to doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. Meanwhile, 75% of isolates were still sensitive to gentamicin and 100% of isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol and amoxicillin. Conclusion: This study successfully isolated pathogenic E. coli from laying hens that were resistant to several antibiotics tested.

Back Matter Vol 2 No 1

Current Biomedicine — 2024-02-23